Behavioral Problems and Emotional Disorders in Primary School Children

At the primary school age, children are shaping their personalities and developing their self-awareness. During these critical phases, behavioral or emotional problems may emerge, which can affect their daily lives. The goal of this article is to provide parents with guidelines for recognizing, understanding, and supporting their children through such issues.

Understanding Behavioral Problems in Children

Behavioral problems refer to actions that may deviate from social "norms" and affect a child's interactions with peers and teachers.

• Hyperactivity: Usually characterized by high energy, difficulty concentrating, and frequent interruptions during activities. Hyperactivity may involve attention deficit and difficulty following rules.
• Aggression: Children who express aggressive behavior often struggle to control their anger. They may engage in fights or react intensely when things don't go their way.
• Isolation: A child who avoids social interaction with peers or hesitates to participate in group activities may be experiencing emotional difficulties such as anxiety or low self-esteem.

What Emotional Disorders Appear in Childhood?

Emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depression, can deeply impact a child's mental health and are often linked to low self-esteem.

• Anxiety: Worries about school, friendships, and social activities can cause anxiety in children. Physical symptoms such as stomach aches and headaches are common in cases of anxiety.
• Depression: Depression may manifest as persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, or social withdrawal. Children struggling with depression often avoid social interaction and feel frustrated with themselves.
• Low Self-Esteem: Self-esteem plays a central role in a child's mental health. A child with low self-esteem may constantly doubt their abilities, fear failure, and avoid new challenges.

The Role of School in Children's Behavior and Emotional Development

School plays a significant role in shaping a child's self-esteem and self-perception. Relationships with peers and teachers can either boost a child's confidence or worsen their behavioral and emotional issues. It is important for parents to work with educators to address any challenges.

Examples of Common Situations

Here are some common signs that can help parents recognize if their child is facing a problem:

• Sudden outbursts of anger when something doesn't go as they wish.
• Overreaction with anxiety to small changes or uncertainties, such as changing classrooms or teachers.
• Avoidance of activities involving others, such as school events or group games.

What Can Parents Do to Support Their Child?

Parental support is crucial for the mental health of children. Some ways parents can help include:

• Listening and Understanding: Create a safe space for the child where they can express their feelings without fear of criticism or punishment.
• Stable Routine: Children thrive in an environment with consistent routines and predictability, such as set sleep, meal, and activity times.
• Boosting Self-Esteem: Encourage the child to discover their strengths and build confidence by achieving achievable goals.

Tools and Exercises to Support the Child

Here are some simple exercises that can help the child develop self-esteem and manage their emotions:

• Self-Esteem Ladder: Ask the child to rate themselves in various skills, such as academic and athletic abilities. Then, discuss ways they can improve.
• Anger Management Exercises: Teach the child anger management techniques, such as counting to ten or taking deep breaths when feeling angry.
• Emotion Discussion with Pictures: Show pictures depicting different emotions and help the child recognize and name these feelings, fostering empathy.

Conclusions and Sources of Help

Every child is unique and may have different needs, so parental support and collaboration with professionals such as psychologists or child psychiatrists are crucial. If your child is facing ongoing difficulties, seek professional help to ensure appropriate support.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

• How can I tell if my child has anxiety?
  Children with anxiety often display physical symptoms (e.g., headaches, stomachaches) or avoid situations that scare them.
• When does my child need professional help?
  If your child exhibits symptoms of anxiety, depression, or aggression for a prolonged period, they may need support from a psychologist or child psychiatrist.
• Can emotional disorders affect my child's performance at school?
  Yes, emotional disorders often impact a child's performance, concentration, and attitude toward learning.